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Protestantism is the largest group of Christianity in the United States, with its combined denominations accounting for about half the country's population. The United States is also the home for 20% of the world's Protestants, or some 150 million people, making it the country with the largest number of Protestants. Protestants are divided into many different denominations, which are generally classified as either "mainline" or "evangelical", although some may not fit easily into either category. According of ''Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States'' by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes winners awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize Laureates, have identified from Protestant background.〔Harriet Zuckerman, ''(Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States )'' New York, The Free Pres, 1977 , p.68: Protestants turn up among the American-reared laureates in slightly greater proportion to their numbers in the general population. Thus 72 percent of the seventy-one laureates but about two thirds of the American population were reared in one or another Protestant denomination-)〕 Overall, 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes awarded to Americans in Chemistry,〔 60% in Medicine,〔 and 58.6% in Physics〔 between 1901 and 1972 were won by Protestants. Some of the first colleges and universities in America, including Harvard, Yale,〔 , ''Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition'', Encyclopædia Britannica〕 Princeton,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Princeton in the American Revolution ) The original Trustees of Princeton University "were acting in behalf of the evangelical or New Light wing of the Presbyterian Church, but the College had no legal or constitutional identification with that denomination. Its doors were to be open to all students, 'any different sentiments in religion notwithstanding.'"〕 Columbia, Dartmouth, Williams, Bowdoin, Middlebury, and Amherst, all were founded by the Protestant, as were later Carleton, Duke, Oberlin, Beloit, Pomona, Rollins and Colorado College. == Baptists == (詳細はBaptists are the largest Protestant grouping in the United States. Prior to 1845, most white Baptist churches were loosely affiliated as the Triennial Convention. In that year, most southern congregations left to form a new Southern Baptist Convention, which is now the largest Protestant denomination in the U.S., with 15.7 million members. The remaining members organized what is now American Baptist Churches USA and includes 1.3 million members and 5402 congregations.〔(SBC Annual 2007 Annual of the Southern Baptist Convention ) San Antonio, Texas 2007.〕 African American Baptists excluded from full participation in white Baptist organizations have formed several denominations, of which the largest are the National Baptist Convention, with 7.5 million members and the more liberal Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), with over 2000 churches and a total membership of 2.5 million. There are numerous smaller bodies, some recently organized and others with long histories, such as the Calvinistic Baptists, General Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Old Regulars, Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists, independents, and Seventh Day Baptists. Baptists have been present in the part of North America that is now the United States since the early 17th century. Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot in working for religious freedom, are credited with founding the Baptist faith in North America.〔(Newport Notables )〕 In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island (First Baptist Church in America) and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island (First Baptist Church in Newport). According to a Baptist historian who has researched the matter extensively, "There is much debate over the centuries as to whether the Providence or Newport church deserved the place of 'first' Baptist congregation in America. Exact records for both congregations are lacking."〔Brackney, William H. (Baylor University, Texas). ''Baptists in North America: an historical perspective.'' Blackwell Publishing, 2006, p. 23. ISBN 1-4051-1865-2〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protestantism in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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